:-./-/:
/:--/:o:-/::-//-
/+:-:oso+yo++shssyysoo+++
//:--+++:+hhhdhhdmddddmdhdhhdssos/++o
+o++/o+/osyyshhhdmmmNNNNNNNNNmmmyydhydhdhyysooyy+////
//oyydoohyhmdmmNmmNmNNNMMMMMMNMMNNNNNdmNNNNNNmmmdhyysosoo+/
osyhdmddmdmNNMMMMMMMMMMMMMMNMMMMMMMMNNMMMMMMMNNNNNmhhhhso+//:/
/osmmmNNNNNNMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMNNMMMMMMMMMMMMMNNNNmyosoo+::/
//osydNNMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMNNmmhyso++oo/
/+/shdNNNMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMNNNmdyyyhhhs/
//+osyhmNMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMNNNmNmmmddhsoo+/+/
++++soyddNMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMNNmmdyyysoooo+
+oo+oshdmddNMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMNNNNNNNNNNNNNMMMMMMMMMMNNmmhhyssyyyoo+
/+o+oddmmmNmNMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNMMMMMMNNNmdhddddhhyso/
//+sdNMMNNMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMNNNNNNNNNNmmmNNNNNNNNMMMMMMNNNNNNmmmmdysos
/oyhhhmNMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMNNNNmNmmmmmmmmmmmmmNNNNNNMMMMNNNNNmmdmddhhs
/+sydNNNMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMNNNNmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmNNNNNNMNNNNNmmmmmdddho/
.-/ydmNMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMNNNNNmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmNNNdoosoosysso+/
.-sdmNMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMNNNNNmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmd+.
.+dNNMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMNNNNNNmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmdy/
-ymNMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMNNNNNNmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmddhy/
./dNMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMNNNNNNNNmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmddddhy:
.smNMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMNNNNNNNNmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmddddhhs.
/dNMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMNNNNNNNNmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmdddddhy-
/mNMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMNMMNNNNNNNNNNNNNmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmddhh/
.+mMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMNNNNNNNNNNNNmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmddho
/mNMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMNNNNNNNNNNNNMMMMMNNNNMNNNNNNmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmddhy-
.hNMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMNmmmmmmmmmNNNNNNMMMMNNMNNNNNmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmdddhs.
+NNMMMMMMMMMMMMMNmmmmmmmddmmmmNNmNNNNNNNNNNNNmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmdddh:
.yNMMMMMMMMMMMNNmmNNNNmmdmmmmmmmmmNNNNNNNNNmmNmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmdddh/
-dNMMMMMMMMMMNmmNNNNmmmmmmmmdddmmmNNNNNNNNmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmNNNmmmmmmddhs.
+NMMMMMMMMMNNNmNNNmmmmmmmmmdddmmmmNNNNNNNmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmMMNMNMNNNNNNNNNNNNmd+
-mMMMMMMMMMNNNmNNmmmmmmmNNddmmmmmmmNNNNmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNms
yNMMMMMMMNNNmmmNmmNmmmNNmmmmmmmmmmmmNmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmNNNmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmy/.
/NMMMMMMMNNNmmmmmmmNNNNNNNNmdmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmNNNNMMMNmmd/
.hNMMMMMMNNmmmmmmmmmmNNNNNNmddmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmNNMNMMNNNmd:
sNMMMNNNNNmmmmmmmmmmmmmNNMNdddddmmmmmmdddmmdmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmd/.
/NNNNNNNNmmdddddddmddddddNNdddddmmmmmmmmdmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmh-
-dNNNNNNNmmmddddddddddddddddddddmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmddmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmh.
yNNNNNNNmmmmdddddddddddddddddmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmdmddmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmy.
:hmNNNNNmmmdddddddddddddddddddmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmddddmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmms.
-ymNNNmmmdmddmmdddddddmmmddmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmdddmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmo
+dmNmmdddmdmmmddddddmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmdmmdmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm+
:ymmmmdddmmmmmmddddmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmdddddmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmd+
.smmmdddddmmmmmmdddmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmdmmmddddddmmmddddddmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmd:
+ddddddddddmmmmmddmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmddddddddddddddddddmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmdmddh/
+dddddddddddddddddmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmdmmmmmddddddddddddddddmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmdddhhs/
sddddddmmmdddddddddmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmddmmmmdddddddddddddddmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmy:
.ydddmmmdmddmddddddddmmmmmmmmmmmddmmmmdddddmmmdddddddddddddmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmd-
:hdddmmddmmmmdddddddddddmmdmmmdmdddmddddddddmmdddddddddddddmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmy
shddmmmddmmmmddddddddddddmdmmdddddddddddddddddddddddddddddmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmo
:hdddmmmmmmmdmdddddddddddmmmmmdddddddddddddddddddddddddddddmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmd+
.sddmmmmmmmmmmdddddddddddddmmmdddddddddddddddddddddddddddddmmmmmNNNNNNNNNNo.
/hdddmmmmmmmmdddddddddddddmdmmdddddddmdddddddddddddddddddmmmmmmmmmmNNNNNNmh
-yddddmmmmmmmmmdddddddddddddddddddddddmddddddddddddddddddmmmmmmmmmmmmmNNNmmy
.ohdddmmmmmmmmmmmddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmdhs-
/ydddmmmmmmmmdddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmy-.
:yddmmmmmmmmmmddddmddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm:
.shdmmmmmmmmmmmdmmmmmmmddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm:
......-ohdmmmmmmmmmmmddmmmmmmmddddddddddddddddddddmdddddmdmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmd:
.-/syyhddsohmmmmmmmmmmmmmdmmmmmmmmdddddddddddddddddddmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmdy.
.:ohmNNMNNyshmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmdddddddddddddddddddddmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmddhs-
..:+shmNMMNdssdmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmdddddddddddddddddddddddmmmmmmmmNNNNNNNNNNNNNmmhs+-
.::-:syhNNNho+ydmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmdddddddddddddddddddddddddmmmmmmNMMMMMMMMMMMMMmho/-.
.///+/::ohNy++shmNNNNNmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmddddddddddddddddddddddddmmmmmNNMMMMMMMMMMMMMMNmdhy+-
.ssshhdo//+y+shmNNNNNNNNmmmNmmmmmmmmmmmmmdmdddddddddddddddddddddddddmmmmmNNMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMmdmd.
/dhdmmmyyo/oshddmNNNNNNNNmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmddddddddddddddddddddddmmmmmmmNNNMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMNNNN:
+dydmmddmdNNNNNNmmmNNNNNNNmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmdddddddddddddddddddddmmmmmmmmNNNNMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMNNN/
..--::smhmmmmmNNMMNdhdNNNmmNNNNNNmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmddddddddddddddddddddmmmmmmmNNNNNNMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMNmsso+:-.
.:/++++oymhmNNmNNNMMNdhymNNNNmmNNNNNmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmdddddddddddddddddddddmmmmmmNNNNNNNMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMNmddhhhdhs+/-....
:/++++oosdmdmNNNmNNMMMNmmNNNNMNNNNNNNmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmdddddddddddddddddddmmmmmmmNNNNNNNNNMMMNNMMMNNNNMNNNmmmdyyyhddhyo+/:::::
+ossooosymNmmNNmmNNMMMMMMMMMMMMNNNNNmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmddddddddddddddddmmmmmmmmmNNNNNNNNNNMMNNNMMMMMNNNMNNNyyddhsooyhddhyo+++oo+
ossso++ooyNNNNNmNNMMMNNMMMMMMMMNNNNmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmdddddddddddddmmmmmmmmmmmmNNNNddNNNNNMMNNMMMMMNNMMMMNmoosyddhyoooyhddhsoossyso
syyo+//+++hNNNNNNNMMMNNMMMMMMMMNNNNNmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmddddddddddmmmmmmmmmmmmmmNNNNy/ymNNNNMNNNMMMMMNMMMMNNdysoshmNmhyooshmmdyosyhhys
yhyo++o+oosNNNNNNNMMMMNNMMMMMMMMNmmmmNmNNNNmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmddddddmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmNNNms:/smNNNNMNNNMMNNNMMMMNNmmhyyyshmNmdhysydNNmyoyhhhs
ddhssyyssssmNNNNNMMMMNNNNMMMMMMMMNmmmmNNNNNNNmmmmmmmmmmmmddddmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmNNNmy+osdmNNNNNNNMMNNNNNNMNNNmNdhhdhyymNNNmhhdNNNdsshdhs:
dhyhhdddhhhmNNNNMMMMMMNNNNMMMMMMMMNmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmdmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmNNmmdyhhdmNNNNNNNNNMNNNNNMNNmhNNmhhNNmhhmNNNmdmNNNNdyhddy:
dyyhdmmmddmNNNNNMMMNMMNNNNNMMMMMMMMMNNNmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmdmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmNddNNNNNNNNNmNNNNmydNNNhhNNNmdmNNNNNNNNNNmhhddo:
dmmddmmNNNNNNNNNNNNNNMMNNmmNMMNdhdmNMNNNmmmmmmmmmmmmmdddddmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmhydNNNNNNNmmmmNNNmhydNNNhymNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNdddd:
NNmmdmmNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNMMMNmmmNdyhhyNNNMNNmmmmmmmmmmmmmddmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmdy+oyhmNNNNNNNNNNNNNNmddhmNNNhhdNNMNNNNNNNNNNNMNNmms
NNNmddmmmNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNMMNNNNNddhmNMMMNNmddmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmho/+osyhmNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNmmddNNNNhdmNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNmdy
NmNNNdhhdmNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNMMMNNNNMNMNNMMNMNmhhhhhddmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmddhyyssossssyhmNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNmdmNNNmddmNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNmhy
NmNNNNNmdhdNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNMMNNNNMMMMMMMMMNNhyyysssyyyhhhddddmmmmmmmmmmmddhhhyssssssssssssssymNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNmNNNNmdmNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNdms+-
NNNNNNNNNmhdNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNMMMNNNMMMMMMMMNNNdyysssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssooossssssyyhmNNmNNNNNNNNNNmNNNNNNNNNNNNmdmNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNmmdy+
NNNmmmNNNNmdmNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNMMMNNNMMMMMMMMNNNmhyyssssssosoooosssssssssssssooooossssssssyyyyhmmmmNNNNNNNNNNmNNNNNNNNNNNNNmmNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNmmmdy+
NNNNNNNNNNNmmNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNMMMMNNMMMMMMNMNMNmdhyyysssssssssssssssssssssssssssssyyyyyyyyyhdmmmNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNmNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNmmNmdho
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNMMMNNNMMMMMMNNNNNdhhyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyysyyyyyhdmNmNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNmmNmmmd
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNMMMMNMMMMMNNNNNNNdhyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyhdmmmmmmNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNmmNmNNmh
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNMMMMMMMMMMMMMMNNmhhyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyhdmmmmmmmNNNNNNNmmNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNmmNmNNNms
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNMMMMMMMMMMMMNNNNmdhyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyssyyyyyyyyyhdmmdmmmmmmNNNNNmmNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNmmNmNNNNmh
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNMMMMMMMMNNNNNNNNNdhyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyhhdmddmmmdmmNNNNNmmmmNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNMMNNmmNNNNNNNN
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNMMMMMMMMNNNNNddmNdhyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyysyyysyyyyyyyyyyhhdmddmdddmmNNNNNmmmNNmmNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNmNNNNNNNNN
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNMMMMMMNNNNhhhhhNmhhyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyssyyyyyyyyyyyyyhhdmmdmddmmNNNNNNNNmmmmmmmNNNNNNNNmNNNNNmmNNNNNNNNNmNNNNNNNNN
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNMMMMMMNNNdddmNNmhyyyyyyyyyyysyyyssyyyyyyyyyyyyyhhdmmmmmmNNNNNNNNNNNNNmmNNNNNNNNNNmNmmNNmmmNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
I am a theoretical philosopher working on general philosophy of science and philosophy of physics. My research deals with theoretical inaccuracies of exact sciences, formal methods for rational reconstructions of empirical theories and intertheoretical relationships. I aim to apply general philosophy of science to resolve foundational problems of the particular sciences.
Since March 2025, I am member of the research project Data, Theories, and Scientiļ¬c Explanation: The Case of Astroparticle Physics funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG).
Before I have worked as research assistant to Prof. Dr. Jens Harbecke at the chair for Theoretical Philosophy and Philosophy of the Social Sciences at Witten/Herdecke University. Our research focused on general strategies for multi-level mechanistic modeling. One product is the Python script mLCA (available on GitHub), that generates all mechanistic models compatible with given coincidence data tables.
During my previous engagement at the Technical University of Dortmund, I wrote my PhD thesis about the rise of structuralism to the most sophisticated view on scientific theories, and demonstrated how the structuralist methods can be applied to solve the putative paradox of phase transitions. In my solution, I establish an empirical topology, in which the problem of the indispensable infinite idealisation can be settled by a limiting reduction. Since the accuracy of empirical theories is restricted by underlying idealisations, inevitable approximations and the precision of the data on which they are being tested, I defend that there are always many theoretical models representing the same empirical system within the respective accuracy limits. If the thermodynamic limit converges, infinite idealisations come arbitrary close to finite models of statistical mechanics in the corresponding topology.
This renders the thermodynamic limit a reasonable idealisation for macroscopic systems given that the limit exists. In conclusion, I identify an implicit representation assumption as the root of the paradox of phase transitions. I propose to resolve it by applying a less restrictive concept of theoretical representation which admits finite empirical systems being represented by infinite theoretical models. This approach is applicable to the wide range of topics of mathematised sciences that involve asymptotic reasoning and limiting idealisations.